Cultures

Explore Several Aspects of the Different Cultures in the Middle East

Music

Oud instrument Daf instrument

Music of the Middle East

Music plays a large role in middle eastern societies. The Middle East has many rich and varied styles of music and also many linguistic dialects, with each country and region having their own traditional music. Middle Eastern music has a long history of interaction with many other regional musical styles and genres.

Popular Middle Eastern Artists

Abdul Majeed Abdullah

Abdul Majeed Abdullah is an artist from Saudi Arabia. Aayesh Saeed and Awal Hekaytna are examples of some of his most popular songs


Nabeel Shuail

Nabeel Shuail is an artist from Kuwait. Nadman and Ygoloon are examples of some of his most popular songs


Sherine

Nabeel Shuail is an artist from Egypt. Masha'er and Hobbo Ganna are examples of some of her most popular songs


Middle Eastern Instruments

Strings

Many instruments originate in the Middle East region. Most popular of the stringed instruments is the oud, a pear-shaped lute that traditionally had four strings, although current instruments have up to six courses consisting of one or two strings each. Middle Eastern music also makes use of the violin, which is European in origin. The violin was adopted into Middle Eastern music in the 19th century, and it is able to produce non-Western scales that include quarter-tones because it is fretless.

Daf

Daf is a Middle Eastern frame drum musical instrument, used in popular and classical music throughout the Middle East. It traditionally has a round wooden frame, jingles, and a thin, translucent head made of synthetic material

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Dances

UAE flag Dubai city

Dances of The Middle East

The traditional dances of the Middle East (also known as Oriental dance) span a large variety of folk traditions throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Different regions have their own style of dances.

Ardah

Ardah is a type of folkloric group dance in the Arabian Peninsula. The dance is performed with two rows of men opposite of one another, each of whom may or may not be wielding a sword or cane, and is accompanied by drums and spoken poetry. Originally, the "ardah" was performed only by males of tribes of the Arabian Peninsula before going to war, but nowadays it is done at celebrations, weddings, and national and cultural events by males of all tribes.


Bandari dance

Bandari dance, a chain dance, is often referred to as Persian bellydance. Bandari dance is a chain dance that often involves multiple people dancing and often perform this at parties, traveling around in a circle and sometimes stepping into the centre for a solo with encouragement from other dancers, the only variations are in the arm movements


Khaliji

Khaleegy' or Khaliji is a mixture of modern style and traditional folkloric dance from the countries of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The name of the dance literally means "gulf" in Arabic and it is performed by women at weddings and other social events. Over time it gained popularity among belly dancers. This dance entails rows of women in close proximity to one another who move in a slow, shuffling fashion while rhythmically swaying their hair. Women's hips mainly remain stationary while performing this dance. The costume is an important aspect of this dance; it is associated mostly with colorful embroidered garments. Many regional variations of this dance are practised.

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Fashion

Thawb and Shemagh Jalabiya Doha, Qatar Doha, Qatar

Fashion of the Middle East

The Middle East has a rich variety when it comes to fashion. Each country has its own taste even when wearing the same clothes. Here are some of the popular clothes you might find in the Middle East

Thawb

Thawb, also spelled thobe or tobe and known by various other names in different regions, is an ankle-length robe, usually with long sleeves. It is commonly worn in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, neighbouring Arab countries, and some countries in East and West Africa. Commonly used as an official dress in the Gulf countries just like a suit in western countries.


Jalabiya

The jalabiya is a loose-fitting, traditional Egyptian garment from the Nile Valley. The colorful Egyptian style is worn by both men and women. The jalabiya differs from the Arabic thawb, as it has a wider cut, no collar (in some cases, no buttons) and longer, wider sleeves. Mostly worn in non official settings.


Shemagh

The Shemagh is a head dress usually made out of cotton and decorated with different colors including red, white, black and white. The designs are usually square shaped. The Shemagh is worn on the head in a triangle shape. In the Gulf countries, it is usually worn with a Thawb as part of the official dress.


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Languages

Arabic Alphabet Persian Alphabet Turkish Alphabet

Languages of The Middle East

The four most commonly spoken languages of the region are Arabic, the most widely spoken language in many of the Middle Eastern countries; Persian or Farsi, spoken in Iran; Hebrew, primarily spoken in Israel; and Turkish, spoken in Turkey as well as in Cyprus.

Fun Facts about The Middle Eastern Languages

  • Arabic is the fifth most spoken language around the world with 313 million speakers
  • There are 110 million persian speakers globally
  • Only 9 million people speak Hebrew. 0.11% of the world population!
  • Approximately 78 million people in the world speak Turkish
  • Arabic has 28 letters, Persian has 32 letters, Hebrew has 22 letters, and Turkish has 29 letters.
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Religions

Masjid al-Haram Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Al-Aqsa Mosque

Religions of The Middle East

The Middle East is home to the world most known religions, Islam, Christianity, Judiasim. Currently, the Middle East contains a population that consists of 93% Muslims, 4% Christians, 2% Jewish, and 2% from other religions and unaffiliated individuals.

In addition to being the birth place of those major religions, the Middle East also contains major religious sites. Most notibaly Masjid al-Haram (or the Great Mosque of Mecca). Other notible sites are Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque), and Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Fun Facts about The Middle Eastern Religions

  • Muslims direct their prayers towards Masjid al-Haram in Mecca
  • There are 1.9 billion muslims globally
  • Approximately 2.38 billion people practice Christianity globally
  • Only 15.2 million people practice Judiasim
  • Masjid al-Haram covers an area of 356,800 square metres (88.2 acres) and can accommodate up to four million Muslim worshippers
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Traditions

Handshake with righthand and handing a document with the left King Khalid Airport exit stamp with Hijri date

Traditions of The Middle East

The Middle Eastern cultures have many differences compared to Western cultures. The traditions of the Middle Eastern cultures are deeply connected to religion. Ettiquite, and holidays are a results of culture and religion mixing together for hundreds of years.

Each country also developed their own festivals, holidays and ettiquite that are more tied to the country.

Some interesting facts about Middle Eastern traditions

  • In Islam, it is prefered to use your right hand to your left when eating. This affected many Middle Eastern cultures such that it is disrespectful to initiate a handshake or even hand a piece of paper using your left hand
  • Muslims practice fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
  • Muslims have their own calender that started with the Prophet's journey from Mecca to Medina called Hijri calender
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